BREEDING PROGRAMMES WOULD PRODUCE TREES WITH STRONGER RESISTANCE TO THE CHALARA FRAXINEA FUNGUS, PRESENT IN THE UK OUTBREAK.
A recent, Swedish study in the Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research (http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02827581.2012.735699http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02827581.2012.735699 ) has revealed crucial information for horticulturalists in the UK, and in Northern and Central Europe, in their battles against the aggressive attacks of the Chalara fraxinea fungus (otherwise known as ash dieback disease) on mature forest areas. Results from the study are far reaching, encouraging governments to invest in ash breeding programmes that will all but eliminate the disease.
The study
• Ash dieback damage on 16-22 year old trees in Swedish orchards analysed
• Findings indicate that the disease is strongly genotypically controlled, meaning that it attacks ash trees that display the same or similar genetic properties
• Scope for introducing breeding programmes to produce ash trees with greater resistance to infection
The research is more important than ever. Yesterday, a ban on UK imports of ash trees came into force before reports from BBC News indicated that 100,000 trees had been destroyed in an attempt to stop the spread of the disease.
Governments in Sweden, the UK and other affected countries need to act now or they could experience the same disease deforestation witnessed in Lithuania over the past decade, where forested areas dropped from 53,000 hectares to 38,000 hectares in just eight years. In a Lithuanian observation of ash orchards, similar to that of the Swedish study, 90% of the trees died (2005-10), this in the country where the disease was first documented in the early 1990s.
British Prime Minister, David Cameron should take note. On the day where The Daily Express reports that his country could be footing a ￡37m a day bill to the European Union (a meagre ￡13.6bn each year), the ￡3m funding cut to the Forestry Commission – representing 25% of their overall annual budget – seems like a drop in the ocean.
The Forestry Commission Trade Unions announced their disgust in 2011, stating the “cuts will severely compromise the FC's ability to retain a properly resourced forestry estate with protected access and services, and to protect biodiversity, wildlife and the environment”. This opinion has now been realised with ash dieback sweeping the UK’s forest population.
Other findings
• Ash survival is strongly heritable
• Little known about H. pseudoalbidus (the disease-causing pathogen discovered in 2010) but genetic diversity will provide a buffer against new diseases
• Faster growing clones less susceptible to ash dieback as rapid growth restrains the disease
• 90% of ash trees died in a similar observation in Lithuania (2005-10)
• Forested area of Lithuania fell from 53,000 ha to 38,000 ha (2001-2009)
• Government investment needed to support ash breeding programmes
Mr Cameron and his counterparts across Europe must do something to stop this spread. The research suggests that this should be through financial action.
Did the ￡3m Forestry Commission cut lead to this problem in the UK? What will the eventual cost to the taxpayer be? Only time will tell. However, one conclusion that can be drawn from this research is that there is an answer to the ash dieback problem. Through stringent breeding programmes of stronger clones, ash trees with greater resistance to the disease can grow, meaning a reduced risk of a Chalara fraxinea fungus outbreak. For now, the government must deal with this problem but a sustainable plan for the future must be considered imminently.
Read the full article online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02827581.2012.735699http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02827581.2012.735699
Taylor & Francis Group partners with researchers, scholarly societies, universities and libraries worldwide to bring knowledge to life. As one of the world’s leading publishers of scholarly journals, books, ebooks and reference works our content spans all areas of Humanities, Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Science, and Technology and Medicine.
From our network of offices in Oxford, New York, Philadelphia, Boca Raton, Boston, Melbourne, Singapore, Beijing, Tokyo, Stockholm, New Delhi and Johannesburg, Taylor & Francis staff provide local expertise and support to our editors, societies and authors and tailored, efficient customer service to our library colleagues.
References
----------------
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 26 OCTOBER 2012, LARS-GORAN STENER
ASH DIEBACK: 100,000 TREES DESTROYED TO HALT SPREAD, 29 OCTOBER 2012, BBC POLITICS NEWS
ANGER AT BRITAIN'S ￡37M A DAY EU BILL, 30 OCTOBER 2012, DAILY EXPRESS UK NEWS
SAVE OUR FORESTS, 30 OCTOBER 2012, FORESTRY COMMISSION TRADE UNIONS
Full Disclosure Statement: The GREEN (LIVING) REVIEW received no compensation for any component of this article.
This article is for your information only and the GREEN (LIVING) REVIEW does not (necessarily) approve, endorse or recommend the product, service or company mentioned.
