Rediscover the bicycle... and help the world go green

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)

Bike1 At some time most of us learned to ride a bicycle and the great majority of us did so as a child. But then sometime after we turned sixteen, seventeen or eighteen, depending at what age we can make our driver's license, most of us abandoned that sleek two-wheeled bicycle in favor of the car.

Rediscovering the bicycle is a great way to begin, or continue, your green journey, and there are many good reasons for going back to the bicycle or for continuing with the bicycle. I never stopped using the bicycle, but that has more than one reason.

Using a bicycle, aside from the points that follow, also saves you money for there is not cost for gas, for taxes, for insurance, for parking (at least not in most places).

Aside from going green, people choose to ride bicycles for many different reasons: it could be to save money on the commute to work, for fitness (instead of driving to the gym to use an electric stationary bike), or to visit a friend in the neighborhood or to head to the local stores or to take the kids to school the healthy way, and finally the latter few are catching on quite well in many places in Britain.

Cycling has many benefits and whatever your reasons, and those of others, for choosing to ride a bicycle, the choice favorably impacts not only your health but environmental and the Planet's health as well.

Riding a bicycle will reduce our countries' dependence on fossil fuels. Every gallon of gas you put into your car comes out of the ground and every gallon that you save by cycling can safely stay there as oil, or used as oil for other purposes, such as making plastics.

Recent events, including political unrest in oil-rich countries and the environmental disaster in the Gulf of Mexico last year, show the high cost we pay for this dependence. If you use bicycling as one of your ways of going green, you minimize your own dependence on those unreliable sources and resources. In addition to that, according to many studies now made public, we are headed for the end of oil, of abundant and affordable oil for starters, and then some.

Riding a bicycle will also reduce the need for more roadways, though not that some government agencies can see that, it would seem.

While you may not be ready – yet – to trade in your car, every day you stay off the roadways reduces the need for your space. If others also choose to bicycle some days, cumulatively there is less need for our ever expanding highway system. That means more trees, more open space, and less resources needed to build the roads, and, most importantly, less tarmacked over lands and less pollution.

Bicycling is a zero emissions way to get from place to place; as a cyclist, you will definitely appreciate clean air.

Cycling also protects wildlife in that it is not very likely that you collide with any animal or bird while cycling with fatal consequences for the animal or bird concerned. For, according to estimates by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, 60 million birds are killed each year in collisions with cars, and that is alone birds. We have not even looked in this figure at other wildlife, such as rabbits, deer, foxes, etc., as well as domestic pets, such as cats and dogs.

So, let's get back to the good old two-wheeled human-powered vehicle that is the bicycle. In fact, with the oil getting more and more expensive and being running low we best think about doing this anyway.

© 2011

Recycling and reuse tips from 1970 still valid today

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)

In 1970 recycling was in its infancy but definitely cool and the hip thing to do. Hippies, in fact, were the leading lights in the alternative scene, from which the green movement would grow.

Many magazines began then that were dealing with off grid, alternative lifestyle, recycling, upcycling (even though the term had not be coined then), and back to the land. Many of their writers offered some great recycling and reuse tips, many still relevant today.

Some authors would describe these tips as “little ideas that anyone can start using right now to cut day to day living expenses and – over period of a year – add a number of dollars (a penny saved is a penny earned) to the family kitty.”

And already then they would say that “these ideas are ecologically sound because each one makes better, extra or extended use of an item from our insane ‘throw-away’ system.”

One can but wonder as to what those writers and teachers would have to say about the state of affairs today where many people have absolutely no idea as to reuse and repurposing.

Already then those writers would suggest to reuse the backs of cereal cartons, Christmas and other greeting cards, and junk mail by cutting them up for note paper and for index cards. They then suggested to use the clean pieces for notes in a holder in the kitchen to be used for shopping lists, notes to the milkman, etc. and also index cards on which to write recipes.

I do this to this very day and all my index cards are hand cut – with a guillotine – from such card stock as are my business cards. The latter get the details put on to them by means of a rubber stamp.

Use it again and again was the other advice back then, especially for glass containers.

Wash and save glass containers from mayonnaise and other products for food storage and keeping fruit juice in the refrigerator. Tall mayonnaise jars will protect sugar, salt, flour and cereals better than their original paper or cardboard containers, and squatty jars are perfect for storing little leftovers in the refrigerator.

Today, instead of thinking this way, people will spend around about $20 for a set of three recycled glass storage jar while they are throwing their glass jars from products and produce into the recycling bin – after cleaning them up – without even thinking as to whether they may have a use for those jars.

Bottles, in those days, were all still, predominately made of glass and, at least in Britain, with the exception of wine, spirits and vinegar bottles and those from ketchup, went back to the stores. Lemonade, Coca Cola, and beer bottles all had a deposit on them and us kids went about the countryside picking up bottles that lazy people had thrown away. We made out pocket money that way.

Magazines had projects for converting wine bottles, however, into decorative vases by wrapping multicolored string around them – on a bit of glue – and bottle cutting projects also were legion, to turn bottles into drinking glasses, votive candles, small bowls, ashtrays, etc.

Tin cans

Use the plastic tops of coffee cans as coasters under glasses and also to keep furniture feet from digging into your rug. The coffee cans with holes punched in their bottoms – and – perhaps decorated with aluminum foil – make adequate temporary flower pots.

Better still, turn tin coffee cans, if you still can get them, into billy cans for camping and also as little buckets. All you need to reuse for handles is some wire from those wire hangers from the dry cleaners.

Tin cans from produce and soup: Wash and remove label (or use those that have labels directly printed onto the tin) and reuse as pencil bins on the desk, in the kitchen, and anywhere else where you may need to have such a bin to hold pencils, pens, scissors, etc.

Another advice that was given out in such magazines with regards to saving on plants and such was to use the seeds of foods you have eaten, such as apples, oranges, grapefruit, green pepper and avocado, to grow new plants. Nearly everyone had an avocado plant in the kitchen window in the 1970s and some of them grew quite tall. I doubt that any avocados came from them but they were a useful, I guess, plant around the house.

Not just were the magazines giving the advice to save all reusable wrapping paper and string; it was something that was simply done still then in most households. Heavy wrapping paper, we were told, makes an excellent, dust-proof backing for framed pictures, and nothing has changed in that regard.

As far as string is concerned, if you get cord and string that is in any way, shape or form reusable in the end keep it and do not throw it. If you garden then only for tying up plants and to tie together the bean teepees those bits are invaluable and who can say no to FREE.

In those days the advice also was given to restitch bed sheets to give them a second life. This, however, also was still very common in many a home ands the same with regards to converting batch towels which are worn into hand towels and later into rags.

Today, obviously, people will have to be told this in the same way as we have not printed on confectionery tins slogans such as “Reuse Me!” and complete instructions as to how to use the tin, whether tin or plastic, and how to recycle it. People do not seem to be able to think for themselves on this level anymore. I must say that I really hate to ask as to what has happened to us.

Bed sheets, which usually wear out in the middle, can be cut down the center and the two outside edges, which get very little wear, can then be sewn together to make a new center. It takes a little time and work to hem the new outer edges (which were formerly in the middle), but it saves the price of a new sheet. Pillow slips can be made from the good sections of the worn sheet and finally, of course, they go into the rag bag.

Bath towels, which also wear most in the middle, can be cut in half to make hand towels. The good pieces are later made into face cloths and dish rags and, finally, they too can be used for cleaning and shoe polishing.

While some of the things from those years the reuse of which was being advocated are no longer the ideas are still the same and as valid as then. We but need to translate them to today's things.

The problem is that we have not gotten very far since those early days of recycling advice and then already it was known that we were on the way to destroy the Planet and ourselves by the way we were behaving. Not much has changed. In fact we still have not learned the lessons that were taught then.

Personally I must say that I could do with rather a large barn in which to store all the bits that I would like to keep for reuse but, in all honesty, I try to reuse and upcycle as much as possible and try to have very little in the trash can.

© 2011

Time to cut the foliage away from your potatoes

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)

potato planter The beginning to middle of August is a good time to cut the foliage away from your potatoes and let the skins harden. Thus they then will have less damage when lifting and handling.

It is amazing, I think how, despite the fact that I have planted my potatoes, all the same variety and I have no idea what it is, which were in fact just slivers with eyes of Sainsbury's Basics potatoes, in tubs about two weeks apart, have all decided to be ready to be harvested NOW.

I mean, sin, I can live with that and I will lift them when I am ready for, to be honest, they will be quite happy down there in the soil, once the foliage has been cut, or better still pulled off.

When it comes to lifting your potatoes you have, obviously, the choice of using just your hands (I do sometimes) or a tool. Some people tend to use a garden fork but that is, in my opinion, not a good idea at all.

If, like me, you have grown your taters in tubs then get a Burgon & Ball Potato Harvesting Scoop. It prevents damage to the tubers when lifting them and keeps your hands from getting excessively dirty.

© 2011

Real Bread Campaign helps new breed of local baker

Knead to Know inspires Britain’s new breed of Real Bread bakers

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)

In just six months since the publication of Knead to Know, over 600 people have turned to the Real Bread Campaign’s book to learn how to make a difference.

People who’ve taken inspiration from Knead to Know to start baking Real Bread for their local communities include:

  • Ravi Muniandy in Suffolk baking around 100 loaves a week to supply a Country Market and two independent shops locally.

  • ‘Chef on a Bike’ Dave Foster of Stocksbridge, Sheffield has twenty regular customers, forty who buy less regularly, and has baked for two country fairs and several other events.

  • Mark Woods in the West Midlands has also started a bread club, baking around thirty five loaves twice a week for subscribers.

  • Michael Gopfert in Merseyside, who is now baking forty loaves at a time, and has taken on a helper, resulting in many gains for the local community.

  • Peter Barabas in south Manchester, who reported that Knead to Know gave him the confidence and the knowledge to start a small scale, subscription-based home bakery.

  • Abi Tomlins and friends in Bournemouth are also just starting out, reporting that they’re running a Community Supported Bakery trial called ‘the baker's dozen’ from a suburban flat, where they’re baking twelve loaves of Real Bread a week to deliver to twelve households over a twelve week period.

  • Gary Mercer in Surrey has also taken the first step towards starting a bakery, selling his wares at a local school fayre as part of his market research.

Chris Young of the Campaign said: “It’s so exciting to see our book helping to give so many people the confidence to take the first steps towards success in baking Real Bread for their local communities.

Trailblazers in this new wave The Handmade Bakery in Slaithwaite and the E5 Bakehouse in Hackney both started in domestic kitchens and now bake thousands of loaves of Real Bread a week. We now look forward to seeing each of this latest batch of bakers develop in a way that suits them.”

Knead to know is still available from www.realbreadcampaign.org at £10 for Campaign members, and £15 to everyone else.

The Real Bread Campaign is Part of Sustain: the alliance for better food and farming, and is funded by the Big Lottery Fund’s Local Food programme. The Campaign champions loaves produced as locally as possible without the use of artificial additives, and finds ways to make bread better for us, better for our communities and better for the planet.

Knead to Know is is also available from: bakerybits.co.uk; The Bertinet Kitchen, Bath; Books for Cooks, London; Bread Matters, nr. Edinburgh; Denver Windmill, Norfolk; dovesfarm.co.uk; The Eden Project, Cornwall; Loaf Community Bakery, nr Birmingham; Love Loaves, nr. Oxford; The School of Artisan Food, Nottinghamshire; and Virtuous Bread, London.

Current initiatives from the Real Bread Campaign also include:

  • The Real Bread Finder: the only online directory dedicated to helping people find where to buy Real Bread locally. Free for bakers to add, and people to search for, places to buy Real Bread locally.

  • Lessons in Loaf: A FREE download for teachers on planning hands-on Real Bread making sessions for any age, plus lesson plans to tie the topic of bread in with a range of curriculum subjects at Key Stage 2.

  • Real Bread on the Menu: details of workshops to help public sector institutions (such as schools, care homes and hospitals) and food access projects (e.g. co-operative buying groups, community cafes, box schemes) around Britain get baking Real Bread in-house.

I must say that, while I may not be selling the bread that I make at home (as yet), since I got a Bread Machine about a year ago (or is it longer already?) I have not bought a single shop loaf, not even from a “normal” bakery.

When making my own bread there is no flour improver in the flour and who knows what else. It is just the flour, in my case of a mixed bread, rye and wholewheat, yeast, sugar, salt, water and olive oil.

The claim that some people make that bread made at home and especially in a bread maker (bread machine) does not last long is not true. The bread that I make in my machine has, so far, never gone moldy as yet and neither does it go really stale.

If I can help it I will never buy a loaf from a store again unless I know how it was baked, by who and which what kind of ingredients.

© 2011

Virgin America rolls out water-bottle refilling stations

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)

Call this common sense marketed extremely well, if you wish. But, then again, Virgin has always been good at marketing but also in social responsibility or why do you think people love working for Richard Branson?

full_1310748601virginwaterVirgin America has installed "hydration stations" at San Francisco International Airport's "green" terminal. Normally, after the TSA pats you down, X-rays your undies, and confiscates your Poland Spring, you have to shell out $4 or so for monopoly-priced airport water. Not any more – well, not at SFO, anyway.

Sure, you can bring your empty water bottle through security and fill it up at a water fountain at just about any airport (well, not any airport). And SFO has had "hydration stations" for a while now. But now Virgin is jumping in with an endorsement, branding refills as the smarter way to travel, and even pushing water bottles with the company logo. This is Virgin doing what Virgin does best, and making something that's been around seem cooler – the eco-friendly version of on-board lounge music and purple mood lighting.

I must say that the bottle looks rather cool and if it is stainless steel I would love one but at the price of $14 for a branded bottle I am not sure.

The praise that Virgin is getting for its clever marketing of SFO's existing offering is important and well deserved also. Other airports won't step up to the mark and provide refill stations until customers demand it and that is just it. You, er, the customers, have to demand it and then, maybe, just maybe, they will listen and implement what we ask for.

The response, throughout, is positive with fans leaving masses of comments on the associated Facebook page. Maybe others will listen and this could thus become an international trend and not just a national one, at airports, railway terminals and stations, etc.

Mind you, in Britain it would be nice if on railway stations we could get the toilets opened again for use by travellers. And drinking water refilling fountains could be added as well. Chance would be a fine thing though.

Image: Virgin America

© 2011

Give your tomatoes a helping pollination hand

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)

Give your tomatoes a helping pollination hand by gently tapping the trusses with flowers. Do this between 12pm and 2pm, as pollen travels quickest at that noontime.

The problem is, however, and I am sure everyone will agree with me, that most of us are not going to have the time to do that at that time of day. Most of us work and thus are not in the garden, whether at home or on the allotment.

On the other hand, the primary pollination will be done by the bees and other such kind of insects and the wind and thus we may help a little as and when we have the time, I would say, such as if and when we are in the garden or the greenhouse around those hours.

Other plants that do need a helping hand with pollination are courgettes and marrows, which both, basically, are the same, and other squashes too like and need help at times. The same seems to be going for cucumbers too, at times.

With courgettes and marrows you will have to, physically, put the male flower over the female. Make sure not to damage the latter flower on the stalk as that is where your courgettes or marrows will develop.

Despite all the work involved with growing your own veggies it still is very much worthwhile as long as you do not count, as in man hours and thus monetary terms, your time spent doing all those things, as well as the watering, the digging, the hoeing, the weeding, etc.

Happy gardening and have a good harvest...

© 2011

Making Urban Agriculture work in city

WASTE CORE STRATEGIES Urban planning is about managing and developing urban areas in order to protect and best serve present and future generations. All planning issues deal with conflicting demands; it is the role of the planner to analyse and evaluate these demands and advise on the best options. Therefore, planners have to negotiate with diverse groups of people and to come up with solutions acceptable to all parties.

Most case studies about urban agriculture in the city show that the only way it can consolidate in cities is by generating profit and jobs. Therefore planning becomes key in making urban food growing spaces become part of the city’s food chain.

Sustain just published Good planning for good food : How the planning system in England can support healthy and sustainable food. This report explores how local authorities and communities can use planning policy and decisions to create more local and sustainable food systems. Click here to find out more and download the report http://www.sustainweb.org/publications/?id=192

Key Elements in making Urban Agriculture work in city

Land

Planning plays an important role in the creation and protection of growing spaces in urban areas. This task can prove difficult when planners have to work within existing planning systems and have to meet demands from several stakeholders.

USA: In the USA a zoning code is used to segregate different land uses, placing limitations on the specific type of development or activity that can occur. This system has been criticized for stripping property owners of their right to the free use of their land and for stifling creative development such as urban agriculture. A recent piece of legislation allows most types of agricultural activities in all parts of San Francisco. This could prove a precedent for future changes in legislation that would open up previously unavailable growing spaces. http://civileats.com/2011/04/14/san-francisco-passes-most-progressive-urban-agriculture-policy-in-u-s/

UK: A popular idea is that new urban development should include provision for new agricultural land, where there is demand for it. Plymouths’ green infrastructure delivery plan aims to establish a network of green and blue spaces that delivers natural services which provide a good quality of life for all. Part of this initiative includes the development of kitchen gardens in school grounds and more demonstration sites to both teach and spread knowledge of urban agriculture. More detail is available here.

Retail

USA: Urban planners can help create more sustainable food systems. By designing local land use policies based on data about the local food environment, they can ensure that communities have easy access to healthy food and local growers have a market to sell their produce. The American Planning Association has established a Food Interest Group (FIG) with the aim of actively engaging in food system planning at the local level. Visit http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health/food.htm for further information.

UK: London Food Link are promoting how important the availability of fresh food is in local development plans. Planning incentives such as rates holidays and congestion charge concessions are being suggested as ways to ensure that retailers selling fresh produce are easily accessible to locals. For more information go to http://www.sustainweb.org/news/response_to_the_london_plan/.

Water

Germany: With the price of water expected to increase in the future, cheaper ways of securing this essential resource for urban agriculture are becoming more popular. Germany leads the way in Europe regarding rainwater harvesting. As well as incentives to install harvesting equipment a rain tax has also been put in place. Here taxes are collected relevant to the amount of impervious surface cover on a property that generates runoff directed to the local storm sewer.

Australia: In Australia legislation designed by a number of state Governments has taken active steps to ensure that new houses are designed and built with the latest water efficient designs and products. More information relating to both these countries policies are available from http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Policy/Legislation_international.htm

USA: In Colorado rainwater harvesting used to be illegal and seen as stealing from downstream water right users but there is now a movement towards the practice being encouraged. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/29/us/29rain.html

In LA there are plans for law to be passed requiring all local residents to participate in rainwater harvesting. http://www.waterconservationusa.org/articles/138-la-locals-may-be-required-to-harvest-rainwater.html.

Compost

UK: Recent figures suggest that a third of all food is thrown away. In the UK targets are in place to reduce the amount of biodegradable rubbish that reaches landfills to 35% of 1995 levels by 2020. Along with reducing the amount of food waste produced composting can play a key role in reaching this goal.

Community groups based in the UK wishing to take part in the small scale composting should register for the new T23 exemption by 1st October 2011. This will allow them to store or treat up to 80 tonnes of waste for composting at its place of production or 60 tonnes of waste being brought from other places. Find out more at http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/Business/T23_exemption.pdf.

Those who wish to treat up to 6 tonnes of kitchen waste in a wormery must apply for a T26 exemption. http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/Business/T26_exemption.pdf.

USA: In the USA each state assumes the lead role in regulating composting facilities. For example, in Pennsylvania there is a focus on yard waste composting with backyard composting seminars being held to encourage the additional uptake. More information is available from http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/composting/14063/home/589525

Local government authorities are also making compost produced from collected yard waste available to local residents for free. This is becoming more of a wide scale practice with York County Council in the UK and Orange County landfill in Florida currently offering this service.

Source: Sustain

You don’t need a (big) garden to grow your own

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)

One thing I hear being said time and time again is “I'd love to grow my own but I haven't got anywhere to grow”. 

The truth is you really don't need a huge garden in order to grow your own, though many folks do think that you do.

An allotment is a fine thing to have if your garden is not a big one but you can do a lot in small spaces and the square-foot gardening method certainly is one way to go. Containers, too, can be used and thus every available space can be utilized for the growing of food. 

I believe it started in the United States with community gardens where they used the first time the what we call builder's bags in the UK. Namely those woven polypropylene bars that are also known as tonne bags. 

Those, nowadays, in Britain, no longer have a deposit on them and only few companies take them back for recycling. Thus they end up in dumpsters and finally in the landfill. Taking them out of the waste stream by snatching them out of the dumpsters and employing them as “raised bed planters” is good for you and the Planet. 

Those bags can be used on any hard standing – and that was the reason they were used in the first place with the community gardens which often were set up in old parking lots or on industrial sites – and their depth works out better than raised beds per se. 

Many other containers can also be put to use, including old bathtubs and lavatories even. 

While the builder's bags do not need to have drainage holes made other containers that were not intended for plants will need those, be this a bathtub or whatever else.

If you have contacts with the municipal gardens and parks service you may be able to get the large plastic planters (tubs) where there trees some delivered in and which often tend to be tossed out. 

I have found that the containers for chemical fertilizers that are used in municipal gardens and parks also, if put on their sides and having the “top” cut out, make great planters of the window box kind of style. They are thus suitable for lettuce and other salad crops. 

Food can be grown in the smallest of spaces though whether you can supply yourself all year round without having to buy in additional is a question. But a lot of it you can grow yourself. 

Mark of Vertical Veg is a great example as to what can be grown in small spaces and even in the almost center of the city.

© 2011

All the right in.gredients

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)
ingredients_small_logo1
Here in Britain, in London, we have had a wonderful shop called “Unpackaged” for around 5 years now. It is a brilliant place to buy your food without all the unnecessary wrappings and cartons and packaging; very much like it used to be in the old days and even still in the days of my childhood.



While some stuff already, such as breakfast cereals, of the Kellogs' corn flakes and such, came in cardboard packages, a lot of other stuff, such as dried goods, tea, and even milk, was bought “loose”. 

“Unpackaged” is a little like that in that you pop along with your old jam jars, Tupperware, paper bags, shampoo bottles and even hot water bottles and fill them up with flour, raisins, pasta and well...anything that you want from the store.

If I am not mistaken there also was a similar store some while back on Borough Market but I have mislaid, so to speak, the information and it does not appear to be traceable as to whether and whatever. 

Finally America is now following suit and the first packaging-free, waste-free store called “in.gredients” of the new era will open in Autumn in Austin, Texas. They will work with local businesses and farmers to encourage its shoppers to adopt the reduce, reuse and then recycle way of life.

The GREEN (LIVING) REVIEW wishes the “in.gredients” store and operators the very best of luck and we hope to hear lots more about them when they open.

© 2011

Domestic energy use up 18% since 1970

By Michael Smith (Veshengro)

British household energy use increased by 18% between 1970 and 2009, according to new statistics but I really hate to ask how much this study has cost that could have been answered without a study.

Information, revealed by the Office of National Statistics (ONS), show domestic energy consumption increased from 37 million tonnes of oil equivalent in 1970 to 44 million tonnes of oil equivalent in 2009.

The statistics, published in the latest chapter of the Social Trends, also show in 2008, 5.6% of all electricity consumption in the UK was from renewable resources. While this marked a considerable increase compared to 1990 when it was a lowly 1.7%, but the UK still lags behind the European Union's average of 16.7%.

In 2008 UK households paid environmental taxes of £20.9 billion, more than half of the total collected in the UK, with the rest being paid by industry. But, what did they all get in return and what did the government do with those taxes? Use them in the normal running of things, like financing a war or two, I should think.

Other highlights in the report cover issues related to the environment such as emissions, pollution, environmental taxes, household waste recycling and attitudes to the environment.

Including the fact that recycling, composting or reuse of household waste has increased considerably in England from less than 1% in 1983/84 to 40% in 2009/10. Unfortunately we still have no system of deposit of bottles or a system where they get returned in another way for a refund, as it is done in Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands, for example.

As far as energy usages, I am sure it does come to no one's surprise that it has risen since the 1970s, especially since so many more electrical and electronic appliances are now on – mops of the time – in British households.

Much of this energy usage could be reduced if households would have a renewable energy system at home with 12v DC and manufacturers would stop having to make the expensive and power hogging power supplies that have to transform 240v AC to low-voltage DC.

© 2011